• Editorial
  • I Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
    • 1 Difference Boosted Neural Network(DBNN) - Part 1
      • 1.1 Introduction
      • 1.2 Conditional Independence in Naive Bayes classifier
      • 1.3 Imposed conditional independence in DBNN
    • 2 Decoding methods for language models
      • 2.1 Greedy Decoding
      • 2.2 Beam Search
      • 2.3 Top-K Sampling
      • 2.4 Nucleus Sampling
      • 2.5 Random Sampling
  • II Astronomy and Astrophysics
    • 1 The Galaxy Revelation and a Growing Universe
      • 1.1 What are Nebulae?
      • 1.2 Galaxies Within Galaxies: The Island Universe Hypothesis
      • 1.3 Edwin Hubble Settles the Dust
      • 1.4 Galaxies that are Moving Away from Us
      • 1.5 The Mystery Continues..
      • 1.6 References
    • 2 Eruptive Variable Stars
      • 2.1 What Are Eruptive Variable Stars?
      • 2.2 Some Examples Of Eruptive Variable Stars
  • III Biosciences
    • 1 Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) - The Small Circular Genome
      • 1.1 Primary function of mitochondrial DNA
      • 1.2 Mitochondrial DNA in species identification and phylogenetic studies
      • 1.3 Barcoding
      • 1.4 Mitochondrial DNA in Forensic Analysis
      • 1.5 Mitochondrial DNA in Conservation and Evolutionary Biology:
      • 1.6 Abundance and High Copy Number of mtDNA within each cell:
      • 1.7 Improved Extraction Efficiency:
      • 1.8 Amplification Reliability:
  • IV Climate
    • 1 Unveiling Earth's Atmosphere: Layers, Composition, and Lifeline
      • 1.1 Layers of the Earth's Atmosphere
      • 1.2 Formation of the Atmosphere
      • 1.3 Physical Phenomenons caused by Earth's Atmosphere.
  • V General
    • 1 The Ten Years of Science -Part II
      • 1.1 Developments in Genetics Research
      • 1.2 Neuroscience
      • 1.3 Threats?